Barriers To Effective Care
Lack of knowledge among health-care providers is the principal clinical barrier. Worldwide, on average, only 4 hours of undergraduate medical education are dedicated to instruction on headache disorders. A large number of people with headache disorders are not diagnosed and treated: worldwide only 40% of those with migraine or TTH are professionally diagnosed, and only 10% of those with MOH.
Poor awareness extends to the general public. Headache disorders are not perceived by the public as serious since they are mostly episodic, do not cause death, and are not contagious. The low consultation rates in developed countries may indicate that many affected people are unaware that effective treatments exist. Half of people with headache disorders are estimated to be self-treating.
Many governments, seeking to constrain health-care costs, do not acknowledge the substantial burden of headache on society. They might not recognize that the direct costs of treating headache are small in comparison with the huge indirect-cost savings that might be made if resources were allocated to treat headache disorders appropriately.
Migraine Meaning In Hindi
, Migraine Symptoms in Hindi: , , , ,
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Migraine With Aura Prevention
If other treatments donât work and you have 4 or more migraine days a month, your doctor may suggest preventive medicines. You take these regularly to make migraines less strong or happen less often. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines , and some antidepressants. A new class of preventive medicine called CGRP inhibitors may also help.
Your doctor can also prescribe a device, Cefaly, that uses a method called transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation. You wear it as a headband on your forehead and turn it on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraines.
Avoid your triggers. Common ones include:
- Certain foods
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What Are The Stages Of Migraine
- Prodrome: Two or three days before you get a Migraine, you can get warned by subtle changes such as constipation, intense mood swings, food cravings, neck stiffness, frequent urination, increase in thirst and frequent yawning.
- Aura: This usually occurs during or before a Migraine. They usually have signs such as zigzag vision, wavy or light vision and flashes of light. Sometimes, aura can also be characterized by speech disturbances. These symptoms can last for 20 to 60 minutes at a stretch.
- Attack: In this stage the Migraine usually lasts from 4 to 72 hours if it isnt treated. The frequency of the occurrence of the headache can vary from person to person. In this stage, you might experience pain on both or just one side of your head, pulsing pain, sensitivity to light, nausea, vomiting and fainting.
- Post drome: This is known as the final stage of a Migraine. Many people feel washed out and drained. People can also experience confusion, moodiness, dizziness, weakness and sensitivity to light and sound.
Types Of Cluster Headaches
There are two types of cluster headaches: episodic and chronic.
Episodic cluster headaches occur regularly between one week and one year, followed by a headache-free period of one month or more.
Chronic cluster headaches occur regularly for longer than one year, followed by a headache-free period that lasts for less than one month.
A person who has episodic cluster headaches may develop chronic cluster headaches, and vice versa.
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What Are The Treatment Options
A number of things can ease migraine with nausea. They include:
Lifestyle changes.Stress is a common trigger for nauseating migraine headaches. Find ways to cut it, and your attacks could get less severe and happen less often. What else helps? Quit smoking, and keep a diary to identify any foods that trigger your headaches. Common culprits include chocolate and alcohol.
Medications. Your doctor might prescribe drugs to prevent migraine headaches, to stop them once they’ve started, and to relieve your symptoms.
You can also take anti-nausea medications during your headache. They come in different forms, like pills, suppositories, syrups, and shots. They have a number of side effects, so work with your doctor to find one that works for you.
Complementary treatments. Some evidence shows that biofeedback and acupuncture may help ease migraine and related symptoms, such as nausea.
Show Sources
National Headache Foundation: “American Migraine Study II: A Ten Year Report Card on the State of Migraine,â “Migraine,” âMenstrual Migraine,â âGlaucoma.”
American Academy of Family Physicians, familydoctor.org: “Headaches,” “Management of Cluster Headache,â âFood Poisoning.”
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, womenshealth.gov: “Migraine.”
Vestibular Disorders Association: “Vestibular migraine.”
American Hearing Research Foundation: “Migraine Associated Vertigo.”
American Headache Society: “Migraine Variants in Children.”
News release, FDA.
Chemicals In Certain Foods May Act As A Migraine Trigger
Written by Sandhya Raghavan | Published : January 25, 2018 6:45 PM IST
If you constantly live under the fear of migraines, you know how important it is to stay away from certain dietary triggers. Cheese, chocolates, tomatoes, citrus fruits, red wine, spicy and greasy foods, etc. are all off limits because they contain certain ingredients, which could trigger migrainous episodes. These ingredients could be an additive, preservative or a naturally-occurring chemical. But they all tend to influence migraine in one way or the other.
1 Tyramine
Tyramine is a naturally-occurring trace amine present in a variety of foods such as aged cheese, avocados, sauerkraut, kimchi, beans, eggplants, raspberries, peanuts dried or smoked fish, soy products, overripe fruits, beer, etc. Notorious for triggering migraine, this amine is present in most foods that are aged, dried, fermented or smoked for preservation. That’s migraineurs are asked to stay away from cured meats and pickled foods. Here are some tips to prevent weekend migraine
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After The Migraine Stops It’s Time For The Postdrome Phase
A Migraine attack actually has four potential stages. Not every person will experience each of the phases, nor will every Migraine attack.
There is still a great deal we have to learn about why the postdrome occurs, and how to best treat it.
Here’s what we do know:
Migraine And Vascular Disorders
Migraine and ischemic strokes reportedly occur in 1.4-3.3 per 100,000 population and account for 0.8% of total strokes. Milhaud et al showed that in young patients with active migraine who had suffered ischemic stroke, risk factors such as patent foramen ovale, female gender, and oral contraceptive use were much more likely to be present posterior circulation stroke was characteristic. Surprisingly, older patients characteristically lacked vascular risk factors .
Even in patients older than 45 years, women with migraine are more likely to suffer from ischemic stroke.
Migraineurs, male and female, have a 2.5-fold increased risk of subclinical cerebellar stroke and those with migraines with aura and increased headache frequency are at the highest risk.
Migraineurs also have a higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular profiles , and they are more likely to be smokers, have a family history of early heart attacks, and have an unfavorable cholesterol profile. The odds of an elevated Framingham risk score of coronary artery disease are doubled with migraine with aura, and women who have migraine with aura are more likely to be using oral contraceptives.
These findings have been confirmed in a population-based study by Bigal et al. Similarly, a study by Gudmundsson et al found that men and women who have migraine with aura are at a higher risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality than are those without headache.
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Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Upper respiratory tract infections are a common cause of headache.
In children and adolescents presenting to the ED, upper respiratory tract infections are the most frequent underlying cause of acute headache . There is often associated fever and a sore throat.
Headache is a common symptom of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus .
Sinusitis is may cause headache. It is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. It is commonly associated with nasal mucus and plugged nose.
Can Migraine Go Away On Its Own
Migraine is one of the most common health issues occurring these days as a consequence of today’s lifestyle where stress is very common. It may be mild or severe depending upon the cause and usually is recurring in nature. When the condition is mild with mild symptoms of pain, nausea, etc., it can get resolved spontaneously over a period of time.
Normal cases of migraine in some cases may also get into remission with time without undergoing any treatment or medications.
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Migraine And Other Vascular Disease
People who suffer from migraine headaches are more likely to also have cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease . Reliable evidence comes from the Women’s Health Study, which found that migraine with aura raised the risk of myocardial infarction by 91% and ischemic stroke by 108% and that migraine without aura raised both risks by approximately 25%. Migraines during pregnancy are also linked to stroke and vascular diseases. A 2017 analysis of the Women’s Health Study found that women who experience migraine headaches, particularly migraine without aura, may be at increased risk for hypertension. Compared with women without a history of migraine, those who experienced migraine with aura had about a 9% increased risk for hypertension while those who experienced migraine without aura had about a 21% increased risk.
Migraine with aura for women in midlife has a statistically significant association with late-life vascular disease in the cerebellum. This association is not seen in migraine without aura.
How Does A Tension
People experience tension headache symptoms differently. Some people describe tension headache pain as feeling like someone is squeezing both sides of their head together or a band around their head.
You may have pain thats:
- Constant .
- Mild or moderate .
- On both sides of the head.
- Better after you take over-the-counter pain relievers.
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What Causes Cluster Headaches
The pain from cluster headaches is caused by the dilation, or widening, of the blood vessels that supply blood to your brain and face. This dilation applies pressure to the trigeminal nerve, which transmits sensations from the face to the brain. It is unknown why this dilation occurs.
Researchers believe that abnormalities in the hypothalamus, a small area of the brain that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, sleep, and the release of hormones, may be responsible for cluster headaches.
Cluster headaches may also be caused by a sudden release of the chemicals histamine, which fight allergens, or serotonin, which regulates mood.
Migraine Characteristics And Treatment
Migraine is characterized most often by unilateral head pain that is moderate to severe, throbbing, and aggravated by activity. It may also be associated with various visual or sensory symptoms, which occur most often before the headache component but which may occur during or after the headache these are collectively known as an aura. Most commonly, the aura consists of visual manifestations, such as scotomas, photophobia, or visual scintillations .
The head pain may also be associated with weakness. This form of migraine is termed hemiplegic migraine.
In practice, however, migraine headaches may be unilateral or bilateral and may occur with or without an aura. In the current International Headache Society categorization, the headache previously described as classic migraine is now known as migraine with aura, and the headache that was described as common migraine is now termed migraine without aura. Migraines without aura are the most common, accounting for more than 80% of all migraines.
The diagnosis of migraine is clinical in nature, based on criteria established by the International Headache Society. A full neurologic examination should be performed during the first visit, to exclude other disorders the findings are usually normal in patients with migraine. Neuroimaging is not necessary in a typical case, but other diagnostic investigations may be indicated to guide management.
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What Are Home Remedies For Migraines
Dissection Of Carotid Or Vertebral Arteries
The carotid and vertebral arteries are important vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood through the neck to the brain.
The word dissection describes a sudden tear in the artery wall that allows blood flow to separate the wall layers. Blood flow into this false channel can grow to compress the true artery channel, resulting in a total artery blockage, or occlusion .
Dissection may develop without an apparent cause or secondary to trauma .
The headache associated with a dissection of the carotid or vertebral arteries often radiates to the neck and face. The pain may be constant, instantaneous, gradual, throbbing, or sharp.
Pieces of the clotted blood can break off and block smaller arteries in the brain resulting in a stroke. Consequently, the patient may experience weakness on one-side of the body, visual disturbance, facial droop, and difficulty with speech.
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Medicines For Migraine In Hindi
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What Is The Outlook For Children And Adolescents With Migraine
Treatment helps most children and adolescents with migraine. Fifty percent of children and adolescents report migraine improvement within 6 months after treatment. However, in about 60% of adolescents who experience their first migraine as an adolescent, the migraine may continue off and on for many years.
It should be noted that many of the medications listed in this handout have not been approved by the by the Food and Drug Administration for use in children and adolescents with headaches. This is a common practice in the field of medicine and is called off-label prescribing. It is one of the ways new and important uses are found for already approved drugs. Many times, positive findings lead to formal clinical trials of the drug for new conditions and indications.
Rehabilitation program. Some hospitals and/or other health care facilities offer inpatient headache management programs for children and adolescents ask your doctor if their facility offers such programs.
Patients typically accepted into these programs are those who have a chronic daily headache , missed an excessive amount of school, have overused over-the-counter medications, and have headache pain that is controlling their lives. The staff of such programs can include psychologists, pediatric rehabilitation specialists, occupational and physical therapists as well as access to a child psychiatrist. Stress factors are an important focus of this program not rapid changes in medications.
References
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